JavaScript Math

The Math object in JavaScript provides a collection of methods and properties for performing mathematical operations. It is not a constructor, so all its methods and properties are static.

JavaScript Math Methods

  • Math.PI, Math.sqrt(), Math.pow() are useful for mathematical constants and power calculations.
  • Math.round(), Math.ceil(), Math.floor() help in rounding numbers.
  • Math.min(), Math.max(), and Math.random() are useful for comparing numbers and generating random values.
  • Math.log(), Math.sin(), Math.cos(), Math.tan() are essential for logarithmic and trigonometric calculations.

1. Math.PI

Represents the value of π (pi), approximately 3.14159.

console.log(Math.PI);  // Output: 3.141592653589793

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Usage: Used in calculations involving circles or angles.

2. Math.round()

Rounds a number to the nearest integer.

console.log(Math.round(4.7));  // Output: 5
console.log(Math.round(4.4));  // Output: 4

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Usage: Useful for rounding off decimal numbers.

3. Math.ceil()

Rounds a number up to the next largest integer.

console.log(Math.ceil(4.1));   // Output: 5

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Usage: Always rounds up, regardless of the decimal part.

4. Math.floor()

Rounds a number down to the next smallest integer.

console.log(Math.floor(4.9));  // Output: 4

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Usage: Always rounds down, regardless of the decimal part.

5. Math.abs()

Returns the absolute value of a number.

console.log(Math.abs(-5));  // Output: 5

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Usage: Converts negative numbers to positive.

6. Math.sqrt()

Returns the square root of a number.

console.log(Math.sqrt(16));  // Output: 4

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Usage: Used to find the square root of a given number.

7. Math.pow()

Returns the base to the exponent power, that is, base^exponent.

console.log(Math.pow(2, 3));  // Output: 8

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Usage: Used to calculate powers of numbers.

8. Math.min()

Returns the smallest of zero or more numbers.

console.log(Math.min(0, 150, 30, 20, -8));  // Output: -8

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Usage: Finds the minimum value from a set of numbers.

9. Math.max()

Returns the largest of zero or more numbers.

console.log(Math.max(0, 150, 30, 20, -8));  // Output: 150

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Usage: Finds the maximum value from a set of numbers.

10. Math.random()

Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

console.log(Math.random());  // Output: A random number between 0 and 1

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Usage: Commonly used for generating random numbers.

11. Math.log()

Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a number.

console.log(Math.log(1));  // Output: 0

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Usage: Used for logarithmic calculations.

12. Math.sin(), Math.cos(), Math.tan()

Returns the sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle (in radians).

console.log(Math.sin(Math.PI / 2));  // Output: 1
console.log(Math.cos(0));            // Output: 1
console.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4));  // Output: 1

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Usage: Used in trigonometric calculations.

 

Summary

The Math object provides a comprehensive set of functions for performing mathematical operations, making it an essential tool for developers working with numbers in JavaScript.