Python If-Else Statements

What is an If-Else Statement?

In Python, if-else statements are used to control the flow of execution based on conditions.
Python evaluates the condition, and based on the result (True or False), executes the corresponding block of code.

1. Basic If Statement

The if statement checks a condition and executes the indented block if it’s True.

age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote!")  # Output: You are eligible to vote!

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2. If-Else Statement

The else block runs if the condition in the if statement is False.

age = 16
if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote!")
else:
    print("You are not eligible to vote.")  # Output: You are not eligible to vote.

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3. If-Elif-Else (Multiple Conditions)

Use elif (short for “else if”) to check multiple conditions.

score = 85
if score >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 80:
    print("Grade: B")  # Output: Grade: B
elif score >= 70:
    print("Grade: C")
else:
    print("Grade: F")

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4. Nested If Statements

You can use if statements inside another if statement (nested if) for more complex conditions.

age = 20
has_id = True

if age >= 18:
    if has_id:
        print("You can enter the club.")  # Output: You can enter the club.
    else:
        print("You need an ID to enter.")
else:
    print("You are underage.")

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Short-Hand If and If-Else

Python allows a compact one-liner for simple if statements.

Short-Hand If

num = 10
if num > 0: print("Positive number")  # Output: Positive number

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Short-Hand If-Else

num = 10
print("Positive") if num > 0 else print("Negative")  # Output: Positive

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Logical Operators in If Statements

You can use logical operators like and, or, and not to combine conditions.

age = 22
has_license = True

if age >= 18 and has_license:
    print("You can drive.")  # Output: You can drive.

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